The research teams who did best in last year’s research excellence framework (REF) tended to have more non-UK academics and people with experience overseas, and generally used carrots rather than sticks to motivate members, a new analysis has found.
Top research teams ‘have more overseas academics and use carrots not sticks’
![](https://news.world.edu/files/2015/11/researcher_with_microscope_in_lab.jpg)